Chapter 3: Reproductive Health Short Questions | biology Class 12 CBSE

ByteNotes

Chapter 3: Reproductive Health Short Questions | biology Class 12 CBSE | ByteNotes.in

Short Answer

Easy difficulty • Direct answer format

Easy

Question 1

Quick Recall

What is reproductive health according to the World Health Organisation?

Reproductive health means total well-being in all aspects of reproduction — physical, emotional, behavioural, and social.
It is not limited to the absence of disease but includes normal functioning of reproductive organs along with healthy emotional and social interactions.
A reproductively healthy society consists of people with physically and functionally normal reproductive organs and normal behavioural interactions in all sex-related aspects.

ByteNotes

Short Answer

Easy difficulty • Direct answer format

Easy

Question 2

Quick Recall

What were the family planning programmes initiated in India in 1951, and what have they evolved into?

India initiated national-level action plans called 'family planning' programmes in 1951, making it one of the first countries to take such a step.
These programmes were periodically assessed and improved to cover wider reproduction-related areas over the decades.
They have now evolved into the comprehensive 'Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes' that address a broad range of reproductive health needs.

ByteNotes

Short Answer

Easy difficulty • Direct answer format

Easy

Question 3

Quick Recall

Why is sex education in schools considered important for reproductive health?

Sex education provides accurate information about reproductive organs, adolescent changes, safe and hygienic sexual practices, and STDs including AIDS.
It helps discourage children from believing in myths and misconceptions about sex-related aspects that may lead to unsafe behaviour.
It equips adolescents, the most vulnerable age group, to make informed decisions that help them lead a reproductively healthy life.

ByteNotes

Short Answer

Medium difficulty • Direct answer format

Medium

Question 4

Quick Recall

What is amniocentesis and why has it been banned for sex determination in India?

Amniocentesis is a procedure in which amniotic fluid of the developing foetus is analysed to detect genetic disorders like Down syndrome, haemophilia, and sickle-cell anaemia.
It is misused to determine the sex of the unborn child, and if the foetus is female, it is often followed by illegal MTP — a form of female foeticide.
The government imposed a statutory ban on its use for sex determination to check the increasing menace of female foeticides, which is a serious social and legal issue.

ByteNotes

Short Answer

Medium difficulty • Direct answer format

Medium

Question 5

Quick Recall

What is the lactational amenorrhea method of contraception and what is its limitation?

It is based on the fact that ovulation and the menstrual cycle do not occur during intense lactation (breast-feeding) following parturition.
As long as the mother breast-feeds the child fully, the chances of conception are almost nil, making it a natural contraceptive method.
Its major limitation is that it is effective only up to a maximum of six months following parturition, beyond which its reliability decreases.

ByteNotes

Short Answer

Easy difficulty • Direct answer format

Easy

Question 6

Quick Recall

Differentiate between vasectomy and tubectomy.

Vasectomy is a sterilisation procedure in males in which a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision on the scrotum.
Tubectomy is a sterilisation procedure in females in which a small part of the fallopian tube is removed or tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or through the vagina.
Both are highly effective terminal methods of contraception but their reversibility is very poor; they are advised only when no more pregnancies are desired.

ByteNotes

Short Answer

Medium difficulty • Direct answer format

Medium

Question 7

Quick Recall

How do copper-releasing IUDs act as contraceptives?

Copper ions released by IUDs such as CuT, Cu7, and Multiload 375 suppress sperm motility and reduce the fertilising capacity of sperms.
IUDs also increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus, thereby preventing fertilisation.
Hormone-releasing IUDs additionally make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to sperms, providing multi-level contraceptive action.

ByteNotes

Short Answer

Medium difficulty • Direct answer format

Medium

Question 8

Quick Recall

What is Saheli? What makes it different from conventional oral contraceptive pills?

Saheli is a new oral contraceptive for females developed by scientists at the Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow, India.
Unlike conventional pills taken daily for 21 days, Saheli is a 'once a week' pill, making it more convenient for users.
It contains a non-steroidal preparation, which gives it a high contraceptive value with very few side effects compared to steroidal pills.

ByteNotes

Short Answer

Easy difficulty • Direct answer format

Easy

Question 9

Quick Recall

What is Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) and when was it legalised in India?

MTP refers to the intentional or voluntary termination of a pregnancy before full term, also known as induced abortion.
The Government of India legalised MTP in 1971 with strict conditions to avoid its misuse, particularly to prevent illegal female foeticides.
MTPs are considered relatively safe during the first trimester (up to 12 weeks) and are much riskier during the second trimester.

ByteNotes

Short Answer

Medium difficulty • Direct answer format

Medium

Question 10

Quick Recall

Name any four common sexually transmitted infections and identify which among them are not completely curable.

Common STIs include gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis, genital warts, trichomoniasis, hepatitis-B, and HIV/AIDS.
Among these, hepatitis-B, genital herpes, and HIV infections are not completely curable even with early detection and treatment.
All other STIs mentioned — such as gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydiasis, and trichomoniasis — are completely curable if detected early and treated properly.

ByteNotes

Short Answer

Medium difficulty • Direct answer format

Medium

Question 11

Quick Recall

What complications can arise from untreated STIs?

Untreated STIs can lead to pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID), which can cause chronic pelvic pain and damage to reproductive organs.
They may result in serious obstetric complications such as abortions, still births, and ectopic pregnancies.
Long-term consequences include infertility and even cancer of the reproductive tract, highlighting the need for early detection and treatment.

ByteNotes

Short Answer

Medium difficulty • Direct answer format

Medium

Question 12

Quick Recall

Why is the removal of gonads not considered a method of contraception?

Contraception aims to prevent fertilisation while preserving the normal reproductive physiology of the individual.
Removal of gonads (testes or ovaries) would eliminate the production of sex hormones, leading to serious endocrine imbalances and health consequences.
Since gonads also produce hormones essential for secondary sexual characteristics and overall health, their removal causes permanent hormonal disruption, making it an unsuitable contraceptive option.

ByteNotes

Short Answer

Easy difficulty • Direct answer format

Easy

Question 13

Quick Recall

State the principle behind barrier methods of contraception and give two examples.

Barrier methods work by physically preventing the ovum and sperms from meeting, thereby blocking fertilisation without using hormones or devices.
Male condoms are barriers made of thin rubber/latex sheath placed over the penis before coitus; 'Nirodh' is a popular brand in India and condoms also protect against STIs.
Diaphragms and cervical caps are reusable rubber barriers inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix; they are often used with spermicidal creams to enhance efficacy.

ByteNotes

Premium Access

Unlock all Short Questions

You are viewing 13 free short questions from this chapter. Upgrade to Premium to unlock the remaining 12 questions.

Upgrade to Premium12 questions locked

Chapter sections

Chapter 3: Reproductive Health | Short Questions

What is reproductive health according to the World Health Organisation?

What were the family planning programmes initiated in India in 1951, and what have they evolved into?

Why is sex education in schools considered important for reproductive health?

What is amniocentesis and why has it been banned for sex determination in India?

What is the lactational amenorrhea method of contraception and what is its limitation?

Differentiate between vasectomy and tubectomy.

How do copper-releasing IUDs act as contraceptives?

What is Saheli? What makes it different from conventional oral contraceptive pills?

What is Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) and when was it legalised in India?

Name any four common sexually transmitted infections and identify which among them are not completely curable.

What complications can arise from untreated STIs?

Why is the removal of gonads not considered a method of contraception?

State the principle behind barrier methods of contraception and give two examples.

Unlock all Short Questions