Chapter directing: Directing Short Questions | business studies Class 12 CBSE

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Chapter directing: Directing Short Questions | business studies Class 12 CBSE | ByteNotes.in

Short Answer

Easy difficulty • Direct answer format

Easy

Question 1

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State the meaning of directing in the context of management.

Directing refers to the process of instructing, guiding, counselling, motivating and leading people in the organisation to achieve its objectives.
It is not mere communication but encompasses elements like supervision, motivation and leadership.
Directing is a continuous managerial function that takes place throughout the life of the organisation.

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Easy

Question 2

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Why is directing described as a continuous process?

Directing is continuous because it takes place throughout the life of the organisation, irrespective of which persons occupy managerial positions.
Even when managers change in organisations like Infosys, Tata or BHEL, the directing process continues uninterrupted.
Without continuous direction, organisational activities cannot proceed further, making it an ongoing function rather than a one-time activity.

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Short Answer

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Medium

Question 3

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Explain the principle of unity of command as a principle of directing.

The principle of unity of command insists that a person in the organisation should receive instructions from one superior only.
If instructions are received from more than one superior, it creates confusion, conflict and disorder in the organisation.
Adherence to this principle ensures clarity in authority relationships and makes the process of directing more effective.

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Medium

Question 4

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Distinguish between a motive and a motivator.

A motive is an inner state that energises, activates and directs behaviour towards goals, arising out of the needs of individuals (e.g., hunger, thirst, need for recognition).
A motivator is a technique or tool used by managers to motivate people in an organisation, such as pay, bonus, promotion and praise.
While a motive is an internal feeling of the employee, a motivator is an external instrument applied by the manager to influence employee behaviour.

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Easy

Question 5

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State any two features of motivation.

Motivation is an internal feeling — it stems from internal urges, desires and needs of individuals and cannot be directly imposed from outside.
Motivation produces goal-directed behaviour — it channels human energy towards accomplishing specific organisational or personal goals.
Motivation can be either positive (rewards like pay hike and promotion) or negative (punishment, stopping increments, threatening) to induce desired behaviour.

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Medium

Question 6

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How does directing facilitate introduction of needed changes in the organisation?

People generally resist changes in organisations, but effective directing through motivation, communication and leadership helps reduce such resistance.
A manager can explain the purpose of change, provide training and offer additional rewards to gain employee acceptance and cooperation.
By building commitment and reducing fear of change, directing ensures that necessary changes are introduced with minimum discontentment and disruption.

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Easy

Question 7

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What is the role of a supervisor as a link between workers and management?

The supervisor conveys management ideas, policies and instructions to the workers on one hand.
On the other hand, he communicates workers' problems, grievances and concerns to the management.
This two-way communication role helps avoid misunderstandings and conflicts between management and workers, making the supervisor a critical bridge in the organisation.

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Easy

Question 8

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State the lowest and highest needs in Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory.

The lowest level in Maslow's hierarchy is basic physiological needs, which include food, water, shelter and clothing. These are satisfied in organisations through basic salary.
The highest level is self-actualisation needs, referring to the drive to become what one is capable of becoming, including growth, self-fulfillment and achievement of goals.
Maslow assumed that a person moves to the next higher level only after the lower need is satisfied, and a satisfied need can no longer motivate a person.

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Medium

Question 9

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Differentiate between financial and non-financial incentives.

Financial incentives are monetary in nature or measurable in monetary terms and include salary, bonus, profit sharing and stock options; they serve to motivate people for better performance.
Non-financial incentives focus on satisfying psychological, social and emotional needs and include status, job enrichment, career advancement and employee recognition.
While financial incentives appeal primarily to economic needs, non-financial incentives provide social and psychological satisfaction which may sometimes overshadow the monetary aspect.

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Question 10

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What is profit sharing as a financial incentive? How does it motivate employees?

Profit sharing is a financial incentive scheme meant to provide employees with a share in the profits earned by the organisation.
It motivates employees because they feel personally invested in the success of the organisation and work harder to improve performance and contribute to higher profits.
This incentive creates a sense of partnership and ownership, aligning the interests of employees with those of the organisation.

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Short Answer

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Medium

Question 11

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Explain job enrichment as a non-financial incentive.

Job enrichment involves designing jobs to include greater variety of work content, higher level of knowledge and skill requirements, and more autonomy and responsibility for workers.
Enriched jobs provide employees with opportunities for personal growth and a meaningful work experience, making the job itself a source of motivation.
Unlike routine tasks, enriched jobs satisfy esteem and self-actualisation needs, reducing monotony and increasing employee engagement and performance.

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Easy

Question 12

Quick Recall

State any two important features of leadership.

Leadership indicates the ability of an individual to influence others and bring change in their behaviour through non-coercive means.
Leadership is exercised to achieve common goals of the organisation, making it goal-oriented rather than serving individual interests.
Leadership is a continuous process that involves maintaining interpersonal relations between the leader and followers to sustain motivation and direction.

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Medium

Question 13

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How does an autocratic leadership style differ from a laissez-faire style?

An autocratic leader gives orders and expects subordinates to obey them without question; communication is one-way and the leader is dogmatic and does not wish to be contradicted.
A laissez-faire or free-rein leader does not believe in the use of power unless absolutely essential, giving followers a high degree of independence to set their own objectives and methods.
While autocratic leadership facilitates quick decision-making and works well in production environments, laissez-faire leadership works best with highly skilled and self-motivated employees who need minimal supervision.

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Chapter directing: Directing | Short Questions

State the meaning of directing in the context of management.

Why is directing described as a continuous process?

Explain the principle of unity of command as a principle of directing.

Distinguish between a motive and a motivator.

State any two features of motivation.

How does directing facilitate introduction of needed changes in the organisation?

What is the role of a supervisor as a link between workers and management?

State the lowest and highest needs in Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory.

Differentiate between financial and non-financial incentives.

What is profit sharing as a financial incentive? How does it motivate employees?

Explain job enrichment as a non-financial incentive.

State any two important features of leadership.

How does an autocratic leadership style differ from a laissez-faire style?

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