Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries Application Questions | geography Class 10 CBSE

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Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries Application Questions | geography Class 10 CBSE | ByteNotes.in

Application Question

Medium difficulty • Concept in a practical situation

Medium

Question 1

Applied Concept

A cotton mill owner is considering setting up a new spinning unit. With reference to the factors that historically influenced the location of cotton textile mills in India, advise which state would be most suitable and why.

Maharashtra or Gujarat would be most suitable because these states are in the cotton-growing belt ensuring raw material availability, have a moist climate ideal for spinning, and offer accessible port facilities for import of accessories and export of yarn.
A good transport network including rail, road and ports is available, and skilled and experienced labour in spinning is concentrated in these states, especially given that spinning continues to be centralised in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.
The moist climate reduces yarn breakage during spinning, reducing wastage and improving productivity — a critical economic consideration for large-scale mill operations.

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Application Question

Medium difficulty • Concept in a practical situation

Medium

Question 2

Applied Concept

A state government wants to establish a jute mill. With reference to the factors that led to the concentration of jute mills along the Hugli river in West Bengal, evaluate which factors the government must ensure are in place before selecting a site.

The government must ensure proximity to jute-producing areas to keep raw material transport costs low, as well as access to abundant water for processing raw jute — both of which are prerequisites for a functional jute mill.
Inexpensive water transport supported by railways and roadways must be available for moving raw jute to the mill; Kolkata's port facilities suggest that a site near a major port or river with good connectivity would be essential.
An adequate labour supply at low cost — as drawn from West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh for Hugli basin mills — and access to banking and insurance services for export operations must be assessed before site selection.

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Application Question

Medium difficulty • Concept in a practical situation

Medium

Question 3

Applied Concept

A newspaper article reports that a river downstream from an industrial area has turned dark and smells foul. Fish have been dying. With reference to the chapter, identify the likely industries responsible and the pollutants they release.

The likely responsible industries are paper and pulp, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries, which discharge dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury into water bodies.
Chemical and fertilizer industries may also contribute synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber compounds; thermal industries may be releasing hot water causing thermal pollution that reduces dissolved oxygen harmful to fish.
The death of fish indicates severe water quality degradation: heavy metals bioaccumulate in fish tissue, while low dissolved oxygen and toxic effluents make survival impossible, signalling that the river has crossed safe biological thresholds.

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Application Question

Medium difficulty • Concept in a practical situation

Medium

Question 4

Applied Concept

The government is planning to set up an aluminium smelting plant. With reference to the chapter, identify the two most critical factors to consider when selecting its location.

A regular and uninterrupted supply of electricity is the first critical factor, since aluminium smelting is an extremely energy-intensive process; disruption in power supply would halt production and render the plant unviable.
An assured source of bauxite — the bulky, dark reddish raw material — at minimum cost and ideally in close proximity is the second critical factor, since transporting heavy bauxite over long distances dramatically increases costs.
States like Odisha, West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu that already host smelting plants reflect this dual requirement of bauxite availability and power supply being met simultaneously.

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Application Question

Medium difficulty • Concept in a practical situation

Medium

Question 5

Applied Concept

A factory is discharging untreated hot water directly into a nearby pond. With reference to the chapter, explain what type of pollution this causes and describe the steps the factory must take to address it.

This is thermal pollution of water — when hot water from factories or thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling, it raises water temperature, reducing dissolved oxygen and harming aquatic life.
The factory must treat hot water before releasing it, allowing it to cool and pass through effluent treatment including primary (mechanical screening and sedimentation), secondary (biological) and tertiary (physical-chemical recycling) treatment stages.
The factory should also adopt recycling of water within the plant through two or more successive processing stages and harvest rainwater, minimising the volume of wastewater generated and released into the pond.

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Application Question

Hard difficulty • Concept in a practical situation

Hard

Question 6

Applied Concept

With reference to the sugar industry, explain why a sugar mill owner in Uttar Pradesh may consider relocating the unit to Maharashtra, despite the infrastructure already invested in UP.

Sugarcane in Maharashtra has a higher sucrose content, meaning more sugar is extracted per tonne of cane compared to UP, directly improving profitability and reducing the volume of cane needed.
The cooler climate of Maharashtra ensures a longer crushing season, allowing the mill to operate for more months per year and spread fixed costs over greater output compared to the shorter UP season.
Cooperatives are more successful in Maharashtra, meaning better raw material organisation, timely supply and reduced procurement costs — advantages that may outweigh the sunk infrastructure costs in UP over the long term.

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Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries | Application Questions

A cotton mill owner is considering setting up a new spinning unit. With reference to the factors that historically influenced the location of cotton textile mills in India, advise which state would be most suitable and why.

A state government wants to establish a jute mill. With reference to the factors that led to the concentration of jute mills along the Hugli river in West Bengal, evaluate which factors the government must ensure are in place before selecting a site.

A newspaper article reports that a river downstream from an industrial area has turned dark and smells foul. Fish have been dying. With reference to the chapter, identify the likely industries responsible and the pollutants they release.

The government is planning to set up an aluminium smelting plant. With reference to the chapter, identify the two most critical factors to consider when selecting its location.

A factory is discharging untreated hot water directly into a nearby pond. With reference to the chapter, explain what type of pollution this causes and describe the steps the factory must take to address it.

With reference to the sugar industry, explain why a sugar mill owner in Uttar Pradesh may consider relocating the unit to Maharashtra, despite the infrastructure already invested in UP.

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