Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries Short Questions | geography Class 10 CBSE

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Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries Short Questions | geography Class 10 CBSE | ByteNotes.in

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Question 1

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What is manufacturing? Why is it considered important for economic development?

Manufacturing is the production of goods in large quantities by processing raw materials into more valuable products using machines or manual labour.
It modernises agriculture, generates employment in secondary and tertiary sectors, and reduces over-dependence on agriculture.
Export of manufactured goods earns foreign exchange and countries that transform raw materials into finished goods of higher value become prosperous.

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Question 2

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Distinguish between basic industries and consumer industries with one example each.

Basic or key industries supply their products as raw materials to manufacture other goods; examples include iron and steel and copper smelting.
Consumer industries produce goods for direct use by consumers; examples include sugar, toothpaste and sewing machines.
The key difference is that basic industries feed the production chain while consumer industries serve the end user directly.

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Question 3

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What are the four types of ownership under which industries are classified? Give one example each.

Public sector (government-owned, e.g., BHEL, SAIL), private sector (individually owned, e.g., TISCO, Bajaj Auto).
Joint sector (state and private jointly, e.g., Oil India Ltd.) and cooperative sector (owned by producers or workers, e.g., sugar industry in Maharashtra).
These categories reflect the degree of government versus private control over industrial units.

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Question 4

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Why is the textile industry described as 'self-reliant and complete in the value chain'?

The textile industry covers the entire production sequence from raw material (raw cotton) to the highest value-added product (finished fabric or garment).
It is the only industry in India that is self-reliant from raw material stage through spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing and packaging to final sale.
This completeness means it does not depend on other industries for any stage of its production process.

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Question 5

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State two reasons why the early cotton textile industry was localised in Maharashtra and Gujarat.

These states were in the cotton-growing belt, ensuring easy availability and proximity of the key raw material — raw cotton.
Good transport facilities including accessible port facilities supported import and export, while the moist climate was ideal for spinning.
Availability of cheap labour and proximity to markets further contributed to the concentration of mills in these regions.

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Question 6

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Why are most jute mills located in a narrow belt along the Hugli river in West Bengal?

The location offers proximity to jute-producing areas and inexpensive water transport supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways.
Abundant water is available for processing raw jute, and cheap labour is drawn from West Bengal and neighbouring states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.
Kolkata, as a major urban centre nearby, provides banking, insurance and port facilities essential for export of jute goods.

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Question 7

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India stands second in world sugar production. Why are mills increasingly shifting to Maharashtra?

Sugarcane grown in Maharashtra has a higher sucrose content, making it more productive for sugar extraction than cane from northern states.
The cooler climate in Maharashtra ensures a longer crushing season, increasing the efficiency and output of sugar mills.
Cooperatives are more successful in Maharashtra, making sugar milling economically viable and better organised in that state.

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Question 8

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Why is the sugar industry described as seasonal in nature and suited to the cooperative sector?

The sugar industry is seasonal because sugarcane is harvested once a year and mills operate only during the crushing season when fresh cane is available.
The cooperative sector is ideal because farmers (raw material suppliers) can pool resources, share costs and collectively manage the seasonal production cycle.
Cooperatives ensure that profits flow back to farmers and workers rather than being extracted by external private capital, as seen in Maharashtra and Kerala.

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Question 9

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Why is iron and steel called a 'basic' or 'heavy' industry?

It is a basic industry because all other industries — heavy, medium and light — depend on it for their machinery and structural inputs.
It is heavy because all raw materials (iron ore, coking coal, limestone) and finished goods are bulky and heavy, leading to high transportation costs.
Steel is needed for engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical, telephonic and scientific equipment.

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Question 10

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What are the raw materials required for iron and steel production and in what ratio are they used?

The three chief raw materials are iron ore, coking coal and limestone, required in the ratio of approximately 4:2:1.
Some quantities of manganese are also required to harden the steel and improve its properties.
The heavy and bulky nature of these raw materials entails high transportation costs and influences the location of steel plants.

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Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries | Short Questions

What is manufacturing? Why is it considered important for economic development?

Distinguish between basic industries and consumer industries with one example each.

What are the four types of ownership under which industries are classified? Give one example each.

Why is the textile industry described as 'self-reliant and complete in the value chain'?

State two reasons why the early cotton textile industry was localised in Maharashtra and Gujarat.

Why are most jute mills located in a narrow belt along the Hugli river in West Bengal?

India stands second in world sugar production. Why are mills increasingly shifting to Maharashtra?

Why is the sugar industry described as seasonal in nature and suited to the cooperative sector?

Why is iron and steel called a 'basic' or 'heavy' industry?

What are the raw materials required for iron and steel production and in what ratio are they used?

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